Yasuomi Ouchi,1 Hiroyuki Okada,2 Etsuji Yoshikawa,2 Shuji Nobezawa1 and Masami Futatsubashi2. 1Positron Medical Center, Hamamatsu Medical Center and 2Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Japan Correspondence to: Yasuomi Ouchi MD, Positron Medical Center, Hamamatsu Medical Center, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita 434-0041, Japan. Summary The regulatory mechanism of bipedal standing in humans remains to be elucidated. …
Yasuomi Ouchi,1 Hiroyuki Okada,2 Etsuji Yoshikawa,2 Shuji Nobezawa1 and Masami Futatsubashi2. 1Positron Medical Center, Hamamatsu Medical Center and 2Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Japan Correspondence to: Yasuomi Ouchi MD, Positron Medical Center, Hamamatsu Medical Center, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita 434-0041, Japan. Summary The regulatory mechanism of bipedal standing in humans remains to be elucidated. …
MITTELSTAEDT. Max-Planck-Institut fu¨r Verhaltensphysiologie, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany This contribution surveys the sources and the processing of spatial information about posture, that is, about the orientation of the body and its parts with respect to the vertical (whereas ‘position’ designates their orientation to each other). Postural information is, to a considerable extent, gained by sense organs …
Charles Capaday. Centre de recherche en Neurobiologie, Uni6ersite´ La6al, Que´bec City, Canada. Abstract In this paper, the following experimental methods for studies of the motor system in freely moving human subjects will be considered: (i) eliciting the H-reflex and understanding its use as a test response, (ii) methods to measure reciprocal inhibition between antagonist muscles, …
Roger M. Enoka. Department of Kinesiology. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0354. U.S.A. Abstract PmChronic activity patterns, such as strength training, limb immobilization, and aging, produce marked adaptations in both the muscular and nervous systems. In this brief review, some of the involved mechanisms are examined as they are revealed through studies on the maximality, …
Scott L Hooper, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neural networks that can produce rhythmic patterned outputs without rhythmic sensory or central input. CPGs underlie the production of most rhythmic motor patterns and have been extensively studied as models of neural network function. Introduction A central goal of neuroscience is to …
Rüdiger J. Seitz · Klaus Martin Stephan, Ferdinand Binkofski. Abstract Conscious control of action involves the voluntary initiation and the continuous adjustment of motor activity. Neuroimaging data provide evidence that the plan for a movement is developed with respect to the behavioral context in prefrontal cortex, while the synergies of a motor program are coded …
Alexey M. Belkin, S. Francesco Retta. Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599. Abstract. Expression of muscle-specific b 1D integrin with an alternatively spliced cytoplasmic domain in CHO and GD25, b 1 integrin-minus cells leads to their phenotypic conversion.B 1D-transfected nonmuscle cells display rounded morphology, lack …
HAROLD P. ERICKSON Departmento of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705 ABSTRACT The elastic protein titin comprises a tandem array of fibronectin type m and immunoglobulin domains, which are structurally similar 7-strand fl-sandwiches. A proposed mechanism for stretching titin, by sequential denaturation of individual fibronectin type II-immunoglobulin domains in response to applied …
John P Donoghue. Brown University, Providence, USA. Plasticity of sensory and motor cortical and subcortical representations in the adult brain appears to be a general phenomenon in animals that has now been extended to humans. There is a growing understanding of the mechanisms and rules that regulate the form and extent of reorganization; these appear …
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